Climate Change and Conflict in Africa: Where Resource Pressure Turns Violent
Climate change and conflict in Africa connect through resource competition, displacement and weak governance. The evidence supports integrated climate-peace programming—but not simple climate-causes-war claims. Executive summary Farmer–herder violence in Nigeria has caused mass fatalities and displacement. A widely cited 2018 International Crisis Group comparison found it was then six times deadlier than Boko Haram, and
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